American Agriculture Resilience & Pest Management Act | Gregory Burgess · CA-2
120th Congress · H.R. ____ · AARPMA · 2027

American Agriculture Resilience & Pest Management Act When Pests Strike, Farmers Can't Wait.

In 2023, grasshoppers ate $52 million worth of crops in Modoc County, California — while the federal government delayed. This bill makes that kind of delay illegal, creates a trust fund to pay farmers back, protects family farms from corporate takeover, and bans seven synthetic food dyes from our children's food. Every dollar tracked. Every deadline written into law.

$52M
Modoc County crop loss, 2023
$5B
Relief trust fund for farmers
85%
Beef market — 4 companies
7
Synthetic dyes banned
12 mo
Max wait for federal response
↓ Read the bill
★ The Case Study That Wrote This Bill — Sec. 102(4)

Modoc County Lost $52 Million. The Government Was Late.

This bill didn't come from a think tank. It came from a real disaster. In 2023, Modoc County, California — one of the most rural and remote counties in the state — was overrun by grasshoppers. Ranchers watched their crops and rangeland disappear while waiting for a federal response that took too long to arrive. The bill names Modoc County directly. That failure is now the law's starting point.

★ What Happened in Modoc County, 2023
A $52 Million Disaster That Didn't Have to Happen

Rangeland grasshoppers swarmed across Modoc County in the summer of 2023. Ranchers who depend on that rangeland for their cattle — families who have worked that land for generations — lost forage, crops, and livestock they couldn't replace. They filed suppression requests with the federal government. The government was authorized to act. The response came too late.

Under current law, there's no compensation when the government is slow. Under this bill, missing the deadline makes producers presumptively eligible for relief. Modoc County farmers would have a clear path to compensation. The same failure can't happen again without consequences for the agency that failed to act.

$52M
Documented crop and rangeland losses from grasshoppers
Modoc County, California, 2023. Named directly in the bill (Sec. 102 Finding 4).
$220B
Annual global crop losses from insects
Climate change has already increased crop losses from insects by 10–25% in major agricultural regions.
$2M
Maximum relief payment per farm
The bill caps individual compensation at $2 million per claimant, with a $5 billion total fund cap.
3 yr
Window to file a claim under the trust fund
Affected producers have 3 years from the date of enactment to file. Decisions within 180 days.
★ Four Problems. One Bill.

American Agriculture Is Facing Four Crises at Once.

The bill's congressional findings document four distinct threats to American farming. Each one gets its own solution — and every solution is in the same bill.

🦗
10–25%
Increase in crop losses from insects due to climate change
Warming temperatures are expanding pest ranges, lengthening breeding seasons, and pushing insects into agricultural areas that were previously too cold. This isn't a prediction — it's already happening. The bill creates a pest suppression system that treats pest control as an essential climate adaptation measure (Sec. 103).
⚖️
85%
Of the U.S. beef market controlled by just 4 companies
In 1980, the top 4 beef packers controlled 36% of the market. Today they control over 85%. Family farms have declined from over 6 million in 1940 to fewer than 2 million today. The bill puts a 2-year brake on the mergers making this worse and gives farmers new legal tools to fight back.
🎨
27
Clinical trials reviewed linking dyes to behavioral issues in children
A 2021 California report reviewed 27 clinical trials and found that synthetic food dyes can cause or make worse neurobehavioral problems in some children. The FDA approved these dyes using science from decades ago. The bill bans 7 of them by 2030 and requires warning labels starting in 2028.
🚜
$0
Compensation available when the government delays pest response
The Plant Protection Act of 2000 gives the USDA authority — and a duty — to suppress agricultural pests. But when the government is slow or refuses, farmers currently have no legal path to compensation. This bill changes that with the $5 billion Agricultural Pest Suppression and Restitution Trust Fund.
★ Title II: The $5 Billion Trust Fund

When the Government Fails Farmers, Farmers Get Paid Back.

The Agricultural Pest Suppression and Restitution Trust Fund is a dedicated fund — not a general appropriation — that pays out to farmers whose losses were caused or made worse by federal delays. An independent Special Master (not a USDA employee) runs the claims process. Here's exactly how it works.

★ Claims Process Timeline (Sec. 204)
1
Day 1
File Your Claim
Claims must be filed within 3 years of the bill's enactment. You show that you farmed in a designated relief zone, suffered verifiable losses from a covered pest, and that federal suppression was delayed past the optimal treatment window.
2
Within 60 Days of Enactment
Independent Special Master Appointed
The Attorney General appoints an independent Special Master — not a USDA official — to run the claims process. This keeps the agency that caused the delay out of the compensation decision.
3
Within 180 Days of Complete Claim
Decision Issued
The Special Master issues a written determination within 180 days. Losses are calculated to include direct crop or forage loss, replacement costs, forced asset liquidation losses, and replanting costs.
4
Within 90 Days
Appeals Resolved — Courts Available
Appeals decided within 90 days. Final decisions subject to full judicial review under federal administrative law — courts don't defer to the agency that failed the farmer in the first place.
Who Is Eligible? (Sec. 202)
Any agricultural producer who: farmed in a designated relief zone, suffered verifiable economic loss from a covered pest, and can show the federal response was delayed past the optimal treatment window. You must prove your case by a "preponderance of the evidence" — more likely than not.
Who Is NOT Eligible? (Sec. 202c)
Losses primarily caused by factors unrelated to the federal delay. Farmers who didn't take reasonable steps to protect their crops. Anyone who committed fraud. Relief is also reduced dollar-for-dollar by other federal or state payments received for the same loss.
Payment Limits (Sec. 205)
No single farmer can receive more than $2,000,000 total. The total fund is capped at $5,000,000,000. If the fund runs out, proportional reductions apply. A 10% minimum reserve must be maintained at all times.
$2M max per farm · $5B total cap
What Can Be Claimed? (Sec. 203)
Direct crop or forage loss. Replacement costs for what was destroyed. Losses from having to sell assets early at depressed prices. Replanting costs. A qualified agricultural expert apportions losses between the federal delay and other factors — you're only paid for what the delay caused.
Fund Balance Rules (Sec. 705)
The Fund must keep at least 10% of projected annual spending in reserve. If the balance grows above 25% of annual spending, the excess goes to debt reduction (50%) and reduced assessments or enhanced benefits (50%). No single revenue source can provide more than 40% of annual receipts after Year 3.
★ Title VI: Covered Pests — Sec. 104(2)

Five Covered Pests. All Federally Named. All Funded.

The bill names specific pest species as "covered pests" — the category that triggers the trust fund, the response deadlines, and the cost-sharing programs. The Secretary can add more species to the list, but only by meeting strict scientific criteria: $50M in annual national economic damage, spread across 3 or more states, and EPA-registered suppression methods available.

🦗
Rangeland Grasshoppers
Western U.S. · Catastrophic outbreaks
The pest at the heart of this bill. Rangeland grasshoppers can devastate pastureland in a matter of weeks, stripping the forage that cattle and sheep need to survive. The 2023 Modoc County outbreak — $52 million in documented losses — showed what happens when the federal response comes too late. The bill requires response within 12 months of documented economic injury.
Modoc County 2023 losses$52,000,000
Federal response required within12 months
Cost share on private land50–75%
Regional coordination centerRequired (Sec. 601)
🪲
Mormon Crickets
Great Basin · Swarms in the millions
Mormon crickets don't fly — they march. Swarms millions strong move through the Great Basin eating everything in their path: crops, gardens, pasture, and range. They travel up to a mile a day. Once a swarm reaches economic injury levels, the window to stop them is short. This bill requires the federal government to act within that window.
Covered underSec. 104(2) & Sec. 601
Suppression methodReduced agent area treatment
Private landowner participationVoluntary only
🍋
Asian Citrus Psyllid
Carrier of citrus greening disease
The Asian citrus psyllid is a tiny insect with an enormous impact: it carries Huanglongbing (HLB), also called citrus greening disease — the most devastating citrus disease in the world. There is no cure. Infected trees decline and die within years, producing bitter, deformed fruit long before the tree is lost. The bill prioritizes compensation for citrus tree removal and replanting.
Disease it carriesCitrus Greening (HLB)
Claims priorityTree removal + replanting
Research funded by billDisease-resistant varieties
🪰
Spotted Lanternfly
Spreading fast · Threatens 70+ crops
The spotted lanternfly arrived from Asia and has spread rapidly through the eastern U.S. It feeds on over 70 plant species — including grapes, apples, hops, blueberries, and hardwood trees. For CA-2's wine country and orchard operators, this pest is a serious and approaching threat. The bill creates a federal coordination program and grants to states for monitoring and education.
Crops threatened70+ species
Federal coordination programRequired (Sec. 603)
State grants available forMonitoring + education
🌿
Adding New Pests
Strict criteria required — Sec. 305
The Secretary can designate additional species as covered pests — but only by meeting all four of these science-based criteria. This prevents the list from expanding based on politics or lobbying. Courts review any new designation without deference to the agency, consistent with Loper Bright v. Raimondo (2024).
Annual economic damageMust exceed $50M nationally
Geographic spreadPresent in 3+ states
Private controlMust be inadequate
EPA-registered treatmentAt least one required
★ Title III: Federal Agency Accountability

Hard Deadlines. Real Consequences.

The Plant Protection Act of 2000 already gives USDA the authority and the duty to suppress agricultural pests. The problem is there's no deadline and no penalty for being late. This bill adds both.

When a farmer files a suppression request, the clock starts. The agency has to acknowledge, decide, and act — on a published, public timeline. If they miss any deadline, the farmer affected is presumptively eligible for trust fund compensation.

Environmental review — often cited as the reason for delays — is capped at 12 months. The bill also creates a categorical exclusion for pest suppression using EPA-registered pesticides and reduced agent area treatment, which eliminates most NEPA paperwork for routine suppression. But it doesn't waive the Endangered Species Act, Clean Water Act, or FIFRA. Those protections stay.

All survey data on covered pest populations must be made publicly available within 60 days. The agency can't sit on data while pests spread. Annual reports to Congress must include all requests that were denied or delayed — nothing gets buried.

★ Federal Response Deadlines (Sec. 302)
30
days
Acknowledge the Request
The Secretary must send written acknowledgment to the farmer within 30 days of receiving a suppression request. No more silent inboxes.
90
days
Issue a Written Determination
Within 90 days, the Secretary must issue a written yes or no — with reasons — on whether suppression will proceed.
12
months
Begin Suppression Activities
If approved, suppression must actually begin within 12 months of the determination. Not 12 months of planning — 12 months to be in the field.
12
months
Complete Environmental Review
NEPA review is capped at 12 months. A categorical exclusion exists for standard suppression methods — most cases skip the full review entirely.
★ What Happens If the Agency Misses a Deadline
Miss any of these deadlines? Affected producers are presumptively eligible for trust fund compensation — meaning the burden shifts to the government to prove it didn't cause harm, instead of the farmer having to prove the government did. Annual reports to Congress must include every request denied or delayed. Nothing is hidden.
★ Title III, Sec. 304: Who Pays for Pest Suppression

Federal Cost-Sharing. The More You Need, the More Help You Get.

Pest suppression on public land is fully federally funded. On private land, the federal government pays half — and more for poorer counties. Farmers never have to pay for treatment on federal or tribal land that borders their property. Here is the exact split from the bill (Sec. 304).

Federal & Tribal Trust Lands
The federal government covers the full cost of pest suppression on federal land and land held in trust for tribal nations. No charge to the landowner.
75%
State Lands
State governments pay 25% of the cost. The federal government covers the remaining 75% — incentivizing states to request suppression early.
50%
Private Lands (Standard)
On privately owned land, the federal government covers half the cost of suppression. Participation by private landowners is entirely voluntary — no treatment without written consent.
75%
Private Lands in Low-Wealth Counties
For counties where per capita assessed property value is in the lowest quartile of the state, the federal share rises to 75%. Poorer rural counties get more help.
Annual Pest Suppression Operations Budget
$100 million per year authorized specifically for pest suppression operations under Title III — separate from the $5 billion trust fund for farmer compensation. The trust fund pays farmers. The $100M/year pays for the actual suppression activities. Both are funded. Both matter.
★ Title IV: Family Farm Protection & Fair Dealing

Four Companies Control 85% of Your Beef. This Bill Starts Fixing That.

Agricultural consolidation isn't an abstract economic problem — it's why farmers get low prices for their crops and consumers pay high prices at the store. The bill documents the collapse in plain numbers and then acts on it.

★ The Consolidation Numbers — Sec. 102(5)
Indicator
1940–1980
Today
Family farms
6,000,000+
Under 2,000,000
Top 4 beef packers' market share
36% (1980)
Over 85%
Family farm definition (bill)
≤$5M annual revenue
Merger moratorium duration
2 years
Market share triggering moratorium
>25% (inputs) · >30% (equipment)
Small transaction exemption
Both parties <$100M revenue
★ What the Moratorium Covers (Sec. 401)
For 2 years after enactment, no merger or acquisition is approved if the resulting company would control more than 25% of any market for agricultural inputs, seeds, agrochemicals, or processing, or more than 30% of agricultural equipment manufacturing, or if either party has annual revenue over $10 billion. The FTC and DOJ both enforce it.
🚫
Farmer Fair Dealing Protections (Sec. 403)
Any company controlling more than 20% of its market is banned from requiring exclusive dealing arrangements, retaliating against farmers who sell to competitors, imposing unreasonable risk on farmers through production contracts, or using deceptive pricing. If they do it anyway, farmers can sue for actual damages, tripled if willful, plus attorney's fees.
Treble damages if willful
🔧
Right to Repair Agricultural Equipment (Sec. 404)
Equipment manufacturers must give farmers and independent repair shops access to service manuals, diagnostic software, parts at fair prices, and firmware updates needed for repair. Your tractor warranty cannot be voided just because you didn't use the manufacturer's repair service. The FTC enforces this under existing trade law.
FTC enforcement · Warranty void prohibited
🆘
Emergency Merger Exception (Sec. 402)
The moratorium isn't absolute. A company facing imminent insolvency threatening agricultural employment can petition for an exception — but only after a 90-day search for alternative buyers and only if the merger preserves jobs. The Secretary rules within 90 days. Conditions like divestiture and price controls can be attached to approval.
90-day marketing period required first
🗣️
Whistleblower Protections (Sec. 403c)
Employees who report violations of the fair dealing rules are fully protected from retaliation. No employer can fire, demote, harass, or discriminate against a worker who reports illegal practices under this section. This is how enforcement actually works — people on the inside need to be able to speak safely.
★ Title V: Food Safety & Consumer Protection

Seven Synthetic Dyes. Gone by 2030.

The FDA approved the synthetic food dyes in this bill using science from decades ago. A comprehensive 2021 review by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment looked at 27 clinical trials and found that synthetic food dyes can cause or make worse neurobehavioral problems in some children.

These dyes are already banned in the European Union — where food manufacturers replaced them with natural colorings. This bill gives U.S. manufacturers a clear timeline: label by 2028, reformulate by 2030. Small manufacturers get grant money to help with the transition.

The bill is not reckless about this. There are exceptions for drugs and cosmetics, a petition process for cases where no alternative truly exists, and a $50 million grant program specifically for small food manufacturers (under $50M in annual revenue) who need help reformulating.

★ The Science (Sec. 102 Findings 6 & 7)
A 2021 report by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment reviewed 27 clinical trials and found that synthetic food dyes can cause or worsen neurobehavioral problems in some children. The FDA's existing approvals were issued using methodologies that predate modern toxicological understanding. The bill's finding: the science has moved on — the approvals haven't.
★ The Seven Dyes Banned by January 1, 2030 (Sec. 501a)
Red No. 3
Erythrosine
Red No. 40
Allura Red
Yellow No. 5
Tartrazine
Yellow No. 6
Sunset Yellow
Blue No. 1
Brilliant Blue
Blue No. 2
Indigo Carmine
Green No. 3 — Fast Green
2028
Warning Labels Required (Sec. 501c)
Products containing any of the 7 dyes must display "CONTAINS SYNTHETIC FOOD DYES" in minimum 10-point font, plus either a link to FDA.gov/fooddyes or a QR code linking to FDA information.
2030
Full Prohibition Takes Effect (Sec. 501a)
None of the 7 dyes may be used in food for human consumption. Exceptions: drugs, cosmetics, and products with an approved continuing-use petition (renewable every 3 years).
$50M
Small Manufacturer Reformulation Grants (Sec. 503)
$50 million in grants for small food manufacturers (under $50M annual revenue) to help pay for reformulation. Maximum $250,000 per manufacturer. Must submit a reformulation plan and demonstrate financial need.
★ Titles II, IV, VIII: Protections for Small Farms & Producers

The Bigger You Are, the More Rules Apply. Small Farms Get More Help.

The bill is designed to put more burden on large operations and more support toward small and family farms. Every threshold in the bill is set to protect small producers — and the constitutional safeguards are written to prevent the government from overreaching onto private land.

🏡
Small Farm Administrative Exemption (Sec. 804b)
Agricultural operations with annual gross receipts below $500,000 are exempt from all administrative requirements under the bill — unless they choose to opt in. No paperwork burden for the smallest farms.
<$500K revenue = exempt
🧾
Small Food Manufacturer Dye Transition Grants (Sec. 503)
Small food manufacturers (under $50M annual revenue) who currently use the banned dyes can apply for transition grants up to $250,000 to help reformulate. Reduced petition fees — capped at $10,000 — for continuing-use petitions.
$250K max grant · $10K max fee
🤝
Small Transaction Merger Exemption (Sec. 401c)
The 2-year merger moratorium does not apply if both parties have annual revenue under $100 million. Small businesses can still merge and be acquired. The moratorium targets the corporate giants, not Main Street.
Both parties <$100M = exempt
🔒
No Warrantless Farm Searches (Sec. 806)
No government agency can search farms, ranches, or food processing plants — or force production of private records — without a warrant, voluntary consent, or a recognized legal exception. Violations give the farmer the right to sue for actual damages or $1,000, plus attorney's fees.
$1,000 minimum · Private right to sue
Voluntary Participation — Always (Sec. 803)
All programs in this bill are voluntary for states, localities, and private landowners. No state can be forced to participate. No private landowner can have suppression activities conducted on their land without written consent. Non-participation causes no penalty of any kind.
100% voluntary · No penalty for opting out
🙏
Faith-Based Farming Protected (Sec. 804a4)
The bill explicitly protects the free exercise of religion in agricultural practices, including kosher, halal, and other faith-based food production methods. No provision of this bill can override a farmer's religiously based decisions about how to manage their operation.
Kosher · Halal · All faith traditions
★ Title VII: The Money Trail

Fully Paid For. Hard Caps on Every Dollar.

The bill identifies seven specific sources of offsetting revenue totaling approximately $6.35 billion over 10 years — slightly more than the $5 billion trust fund plus operations costs. No general fund raids, no deficit spending. CBO must certify the numbers before any obligation exceeding $100 million.

Revenue Source (Sec. 703)10-Year Est.
Section 32 rescissions (USDA food program savings)$1,500,000,000
Commodity Credit Corporation unobligated balances$1,000,000,000
USDA IT modernization savings$500,000,000
Pest Suppression Assessment ($0.25/acre over 500 acres)$500,000,000
APHIS budget reallocation within USDA$1,500,000,000
Agricultural merger filing fee increase$350,000,000
Food additive petition fees$50,000,000
Total Identified Offsets~$6,350,000,000
★ The Pest Suppression Assessment — Sec. 703(4)
The $0.25 per acre assessment applies only to agricultural operations exceeding 500 acres — the large commercial operations that benefit most from federal pest suppression. Family farms under 500 acres pay nothing. This assessment generates $500 million toward the offset, and it's the large players paying — not small family farms.
$5B
Trust Fund Total Cap
The Agricultural Pest Suppression and Restitution Trust Fund is capped at $5 billion total over 10 years. No individual farmer can receive more than $2 million.
$900M
Annual Spending Cap
Total annual expenditures under this Act cannot exceed $900 million in any fiscal year. If revenues fall short, spending is cut proportionally — no borrowing.
$100M
Annual Pest Suppression Operations
$100 million per year for actual suppression activities in the field — separate from the trust fund. This is what pays for the aerial applications, ground crews, and biological agents.
5%
Maximum Administrative Cost
No more than 5% of any appropriation can go to administrative expenses. The money is for farmers and pest suppression, not paperwork and overhead.
GAO Reviews — Years 3, 6 & 9 (Sec. 808)
The Comptroller General evaluates the bill's effectiveness at Years 3, 6, and 9 — reviewing claims processed, suppression timeliness, market concentration changes, food safety outcomes, and fiscal performance. Reauthorization at Year 10 requires a positive GAO finding.
"Agricultural producers who suffer economic losses due to delayed or denied Federal pest suppression currently have no adequate mechanism for seeking compensation. This bill changes that — and holds the government accountable for the first time."
— From the Bill's Findings, Sec. 102(3) · Gregory Burgess for Congress · CA-2 · No Party Preference
★ Read Every Word

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The complete American Agriculture Resilience and Pest Management Act of 2027 — all eight titles, all fiscal details, all constitutional safeguards — is in the full platform download. Every figure on this page comes directly from the bill text.

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